load capacity JEEP LIBERTY 2002 KJ / 1.G Workshop Manual

RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP
DESCRIPTION
The cooling system cap is located on the coolant
pressure bottle. The cap construction includes; stain-
less steel swivel top, rubber seals and retainer, main
spring, and a spring loaded valve (Fig. 10).
OPERATION
The pressure cap allows the cooling system to oper-
ate at higher than atmospheric pressure which raises
the coolant boiling point, thus allowing increased
radiator cooling capacity. The pressure cap releases
pressure at some point within a range of 110 kPa  
14 kPa (16 psi   2 psi).
A spring-loaded vent valve in the center of the cap
allows the system to pressurize and depressurize
without creating a vacuum. If the valve is stuck
open, coolant will escape to the overflow hose. There
is also a gasket in the cap to seal to the top of the
filler neck.
CAUTION: Use only the pressure cap specified for
this vehicle. Use of other pressure caps can lead to
coolant loss and overheating.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - RADIATOR
PRESSURE CAP
Remove cap from radiator. Be sure that sealing
surfaces are clean. Moisten rubber gasket with water
and install the cap on pressure tester (tool 7700 or
an equivalent) (Fig. 11).Operate the tester pump and observe the gauge
pointer at its highest point. The cap release pressure
should be 124 to 145 kPa (18 to 21 psi). The cap is
satisfactory when the pressure holds steady. It is also
good if it holds pressure within the 124 to 145 kPa
(18 to 21 psi) range for 30 seconds or more. If the
pointer drops quickly, replace the cap.
CAUTION: Radiator pressure testing tools are very
sensitive to small air leaks, which will not cause
cooling system problems. A pressure cap that does
not have a history of coolant loss should not be
replaced just because it leaks slowly when tested
with this tool. Add water to tool. Turn tool upside
down and recheck pressure cap to confirm that cap
needs replacement.
CLEANING
Clean the radiator pressure cap using a mild soap
and water only.
INSPECTION
Visually inspect the pressure valve gasket on the
cap. Replace cap if the gasket is swollen, torn or
worn. Inspect the area around radiator filler neck for
white deposits that indicate a leaking cap.
Fig. 10 PRESSURE CAP
1 - MAIN SPRING
2 - GASKET RETAINER
3 - STAINLESS STEEL SWIVEL TOP
4 - RUBBER SEALS
5 - SPRING LOADED VALVE
6 - COOLANT PRESSURE BOTTLE
7 - FILLER NECK
8 - OVERFLOW NIPPLEFig. 11 Pressure Testing Radiator Pressure Cap -
Typical
1 - PRESSURE CAP
2 - TYPICAL COOLING SYSTEM PRESSURE TESTER
KJENGINE 7 - 25

RADIATOR PRESSURE CAP
DESCRIPTION
The cooling system cap is located on the coolant
pressure bottle. The cap construction includes; stain-
less steel swivel top, rubber seals and retainer, main
spring, and a spring loaded valve (Fig. 9).
OPERATION
The pressure cap allows the cooling system to oper-
ate at higher than atmospheric pressure which raises
the coolant boiling point, thus allowing increased
radiator cooling capacity. The pressure cap releases
pressure at some point within a range of 110 kPa  
14 kPa (16 psi   2 psi).
A spring-loaded vent valve in the center of the cap
allows the system to pressurize and depressurize
without creating a vacuum. If the valve is stuck
open, coolant will escape to the overflow hose. There
is also a gasket in the cap to seal to the top of the
filler neck.
CAUTION: Use only the pressure cap specified for
this vehicle. Use of other pressure caps can lead to
coolant loss and overheating.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - RADIATOR
PRESSURE CAP
Remove cap from radiator. Be sure that sealing
surfaces are clean. Moisten rubber gasket with water
and install the cap on pressure tester (tool 7700 or
an equivalent) (Fig. 10).Operate the tester pump and observe the gauge
pointer at its highest point. The cap release pressure
should be 124 to 145 kPa (18 to 21 psi). The cap is
satisfactory when the pressure holds steady. It is also
good if it holds pressure within the 124 to 145 kPa
(18 to 21 psi) range for 30 seconds or more. If the
pointer drops quickly, replace the cap.
CAUTION: Radiator pressure testing tools are very
sensitive to small air leaks, which will not cause
cooling system problems. A pressure cap that does
not have a history of coolant loss should not be
replaced just because it leaks slowly when tested
with this tool. Add water to tool. Turn tool upside
down and recheck pressure cap to confirm that cap
needs replacement.
CLEANING
Clean the radiator pressure cap using a mild soap
and water only.
INSPECTION
Visually inspect the pressure valve gasket on the
cap. Replace cap if the gasket is swollen, torn or
worn. Inspect the area around radiator filler neck for
white deposits that indicate a leaking cap.
Fig. 9 PRESSURE CAP
1 - MAIN SPRING
2 - GASKET RETAINER
3 - STAINLESS STEEL SWIVEL TOP
4 - RUBBER SEALS
5 - SPRING LOADED VALVE
6 - COOLANT PRESSURE BOTTLE
7 - FILLER NECK
8 - OVERFLOW NIPPLEFig. 10 Pressure Testing Radiator Pressure Cap -
Typical
1 - PRESSURE CAP
2 - TYPICAL COOLING SYSTEM PRESSURE TESTER
KJENGINE7s-25

(4) Clean the battery thermal guard with a sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) and warm water cleaning
solution using a stiff bristle parts cleaning brush to
remove any acid film.
(5) Clean any corrosion from the battery terminal
posts with a wire brush or a post and terminal
cleaner, and a sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and
warm water cleaning solution (Fig. 3).
INSPECTION
The following information details the recommended
inspection procedures for the battery and related
components. In addition to the maintenance sched-
ules found in this service manual and the owner's
manual, it is recommended that these procedures be
performed any time the battery or related compo-
nents must be removed for vehicle service.
(1) Inspect the battery cable terminal clamps for
damage. Replace any battery cable that has a dam-
aged or deformed terminal clamp.
(2) Inspect the battery tray and battery holddown
hardware for damage. Replace any damaged parts.
(3) Slide the thermal guard off of the battery case.
Inspect the battery case for cracks or other damagethat could result in electrolyte leaks. Also, check the
battery terminal posts for looseness. Batteries with
damaged cases or loose terminal posts must be
replaced.
(4) Inspect the battery thermal guard for tears,
cracks, deformation or other damage. Replace any
battery thermal guard that has been damaged.
(5) Inspect the battery built-in test indicator sight
glass for an indication of the battery condition. If the
battery is discharged, charge as required. Refer to
Standard Procedures for the proper battery built-in
indicator test procedures. Also refer to Standard Pro-
cedures for the proper battery charging procedures.
SPECIFICATIONS
The battery Group Size number, the Cold Cranking
Amperage (CCA) rating, and the Reserve Capacity
(RC) rating or Ampere-Hours (AH) rating can be
found on the original equipment battery label. Be
certain that a replacement battery has the correct
Group Size number, as well as CCA, and RC or AH
ratings that equal or exceed the original equipment
specification for the vehicle being serviced. Battery
sizes and ratings are discussed in more detail below.
²Group Size- The outside dimensions and ter-
minal placement of the battery conform to standards
established by the Battery Council International
(BCI). Each battery is assigned a BCI Group Size
number to help identify a correctly-sized replace-
ment.
²Cold Cranking Amperage- The Cold Crank-
ing Amperage (CCA) rating specifies how much cur-
rent (in amperes) the battery can deliver for thirty
seconds at -18É C (0É F). Terminal voltage must not
fall below 7.2 volts during or after the thirty second
discharge period. The CCA required is generally
higher as engine displacement increases, depending
also upon the starter current draw requirements.
²Reserve Capacity- The Reserve Capacity (RC)
rating specifies the time (in minutes) it takes for bat-
tery terminal voltage to fall below 10.5 volts, at a
discharge rate of 25 amperes. RC is determined with
the battery fully-charged at 26.7É C (80É F). This rat-
ing estimates how long the battery might last after a
charging system failure, under minimum electrical
load.
²Ampere-Hours- The Ampere-Hours (AH) rat-
ing specifies the current (in amperes) that a battery
can deliver steadily for twenty hours, with the volt-
age in the battery not falling below 10.5 volts. This
rating is also sometimes identified as the twenty-
hour discharge rating.
Fig. 3 Clean Battery Terminal Post - Typical
1 - TERMINAL BRUSH
2 - BATTERY CABLE
3 - BATTERY
8F - 6 BATTERY SYSTEMKJ
BATTERY SYSTEM (Continued)

BATTERY CLASSIFICATIONS & RATINGS
Part NumberBCI Group Size
ClassificationCold Cranking
AmperageReserve
CapacityAmpere -
HoursLoad Test
Amperage
56041380AA 86 525 100 Minutes 60 250
SPECIAL TOOLS
BATTERY
DESCRIPTION
A large capacity, low-maintenance storage battery
(Fig. 5) is standard factory-installed equipment on
this model. Refer to Battery Specifications for the
proper specifications of the factory-installed batteries
available on this model. Male post type terminals
made of a soft lead material protrude from the top of
the molded plastic battery case to provide the means
for connecting the battery to the vehicle electrical
system. The battery positive terminal post is physi-
cally larger in diameter than the negative terminal
post to ensure proper battery connection. The letters
POSandNEGare also molded into the top of the
battery case adjacent to their respective positive and
negative terminal posts for identification confirma-
tion. Refer to Battery Cables for more information on
the battery cables that connect the battery to the
vehicle electrical system.
The battery is made up of six individual cells that
are connected in series. Each cell contains positively
charged plate groups that are connected with leadstraps to the positive terminal post, and negatively
charged plate groups that are connected with lead
straps to the negative terminal post. Each plate con-
sists of a stiff mesh framework or grid coated with
lead dioxide (positive plate) or sponge lead (negative
plate). Insulators or plate separators made of a non-
conductive material are inserted between the positive
and negative plates to prevent them from contacting
or shorting against one another. These dissimilar
metal plates are submerged in a sulfuric acid and
water solution called an electrolyte.
The factory-installed battery has a built-in test
indicator (hydrometer). The color visible in the sight
glass of the indicator will reveal the battery condi-
tion. Refer to Standard Procedures for the proper
built-in indicator test procedures.The factory-in-
stalled low-maintenance battery has removable
battery cell caps.Distilled water can be added to
this battery. The battery is not sealed and has vent
holes in the cell caps. The chemical composition of
the metal coated plates within the low-maintenance
Fig. 4 MIDTRONICS BATTERY AND CHARGING
SYSTEM TESTER - Micro420
Fig. 5 Low-Maintenance Battery - Typical
1 - POSITIVE POST
2 - VENT
3 - CELL CAP
4 - VENT
5 - CELL CAP
6 - VENT
7 - NEGATIVE POST
8 - GREEN BALL
9 - ELECTROLYTE LEVEL
10 - PLATE GROUPS
11 - LOW-MAINTENANCE BATTERY
KJBATTERY SYSTEM 8F - 7
BATTERY SYSTEM (Continued)

battery reduces battery gassing and water loss, at
normal charge and discharge rates. Therefore, the
battery should not require additional water in nor-
mal service. If the electrolyte level in this battery
does become low, water must be added. However,
rapid loss of electrolyte can be caused by an over-
charging condition. Be certain to diagnose the charg-
ing system after replenishing the water in the
battery for a low electrolyte condition and before
returning the vehicle to service. Refer to Charging
System for the proper charging system diagnosis and
testing procedures.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - BATTERY
The battery must be completely charged and the
top, posts and terminal clamps should be properly
cleaned and inspected before diagnostic procedures
are performed. Refer to Battery System Cleaning for
the proper cleaning procedures, and Battery System
Inspection for the proper battery inspection proce-
dures. Refer to Standard Procedures for the proper
battery charging procedures.
WARNING: IF THE BATTERY SHOWS SIGNS OF
FREEZING, LEAKING OR LOOSE POSTS, DO NOT
TEST, ASSIST-BOOST, OR CHARGE. THE BATTERY
MAY ARC INTERNALLY AND EXPLODE. PERSONAL
INJURY AND/OR VEHICLE DAMAGE MAY RESULT.
WARNING: EXPLOSIVE HYDROGEN GAS FORMS IN
AND AROUND THE BATTERY. DO NOT SMOKE,
USE FLAME, OR CREATE SPARKS NEAR THE BAT-
TERY. PERSONAL INJURY AND/OR VEHICLE DAM-
AGE MAY RESULT.
WARNING: THE BATTERY CONTAINS SULFURIC
ACID, WHICH IS POISONOUS AND CAUSTIC. AVOID
CONTACT WITH THE SKIN, EYES, OR CLOTHING.
IN THE EVENT OF CONTACT, FLUSH WITH WATER
AND CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY. KEEP OUT
OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.
WARNING: IF THE BATTERY IS EQUIPPED WITH
REMOVABLE CELL CAPS, BE CERTAIN THAT EACH
OF THE CELL CAPS ARE IN PLACE AND TIGHT
BEFORE THE BATTERY IS RETURNED TO SER-
VICE. PERSONAL INJURY AND/OR VEHICLE DAM-
AGE MAY RESULT FROM LOOSE OR MISSING
CELL CAPS.
The condition of a battery is determined by two cri-
teria:
²State-Of-Charge- This can be determined by
checking the specific gravity of the battery electrolyte
(built-in indicator test or hydrometer test), or bychecking the battery voltage (open-circuit voltage
test).
²Cranking Capacity- This can be determined
by performing a battery load test, which measures
the ability of the battery to supply high-amperage
current.
First, determine the battery state-of-charge. This
can be done in one of three ways. If the battery has a
built-in test indicator, perform the built-in indicator
test to determine the state-of-charge. If the battery
has no built-in test indicator but does have remov-
able cell caps, perform the hydrometer test to deter-
mine the state-of-charge. If the battery cell caps are
not removable, or a hydrometer is not available, per-
form the open-circuit voltage test to determine the
state-of-charge. Refer to open-circuit voltage test in
the Standard Procedures section of this group.
Second, determine the battery cranking capacity by
performing a load test. The battery must be charged
before proceeding with a load test if:
²The battery built-in test indicator has a black or
dark color visible.
²The temperature corrected specific gravity of the
battery electrolyte is less than 1.235.
²The battery open-circuit voltage is less than 12.4
volts.
A battery that will not accept a charge is faulty,
and must be replaced. Further testing is not
required. A fully-charged battery must be load tested
to determine its cranking capacity. A battery that is
fully-charged, but does not pass the load test, is
faulty and must be replaced.
NOTE: Completely discharged batteries may take
several hours to accept a charge. Refer to Standard
Procedures for the proper battery charging proce-
dures.
A battery is fully-charged when:
²All battery cells are gassing freely during charg-
ing.
²A green color is visible in the sight glass of the
battery built-in test indicator.
²Three corrected specific gravity tests, taken at
one-hour intervals, indicate no increase in the spe-
cific gravity of the battery electrolyte.
²Open-circuit voltage of the battery is 12.4 volts
or greater.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - BATTERY
CHARGING
Battery charging can be performed fast or slow, it
terms of time.Slowbattery charging is the best
means of restoring a battery to full potential. Fast
8F - 8 BATTERY SYSTEMKJ
BATTERY (Continued)

battery charging should only be performed when
absolutely necessary due to time restraints. A battery
is fully-charged when:
²All of the battery cells are gassing freely during
battery charging.
²A green color is visible in the sight glass of the
battery built-in test indicator.
²Three hydrometer tests, taken at one-hour inter-
vals, indicate no increase in the temperature-cor-
rected specific gravity of the battery electrolyte.
²Open-circuit voltage of the battery is 12.65 volts
or above.
WARNING: NEVER EXCEED TWENTY AMPERES
WHEN CHARGING A COLD (-1É C [30É F] OR
LOWER) BATTERY. THE BATTERY MAY ARC INTER-
NALLY AND EXPLODE. PERSONAL INJURY AND/OR
VEHICLE DAMAGE MAY RESULT.
CAUTION: Always disconnect and isolate the bat-
tery negative cable before charging a battery. Do
not exceed sixteen volts while charging a battery.
Damage to the vehicle electrical system compo-
nents may result.
CAUTION: Battery electrolyte will bubble inside the
battery case during normal battery charging. Elec-
trolyte boiling or being discharged from the battery
vents indicates a battery overcharging condition.
Immediately reduce the charging rate or turn off the
charger to evaluate the battery condition. Damage
to the battery may result from overcharging.
CAUTION: The battery should not be hot to the
touch. If the battery feels hot to the touch, turn off
the charger and let the battery cool before continu-
ing the charging operation. Damage to the battery
may result.
NOTE: Models equipped with the diesel engine
option are equipped with two 12-volt batteries, con-
nected in parallel (positive-to-positive and negative-
to-negative). In order to ensure proper charging of
each battery, these batteries MUST be disconnected
from each other, as well as from the vehicle electri-
cal system, while being charged.
Some battery chargers are equipped with polarity-
sensing circuitry. This circuitry protects the battery
charger and the battery from being damaged if they
are improperly connected. If the battery state-of-
charge is too low for the polarity-sensing circuitry to
detect, the battery charger will not operate. This
makes it appear that the battery will not acceptcharging current. See the instructions provided by
the manufacturer of the battery charger for details
on how to bypass the polarity-sensing circuitry.
After the battery has been charged to 12.4 volts or
greater, perform a load test to determine the battery
cranking capacity. Refer to Standard Procedures for
the proper battery load test procedures. If the battery
will endure a load test, return the battery to service.
If the battery will not endure a load test, it is faulty
and must be replaced.
Clean and inspect the battery hold downs, tray,
terminals, posts, and top before completing battery
service. Refer to Battery System Cleaning for the
proper battery system cleaning procedures, and Bat-
tery System Inspection for the proper battery system
inspection procedures.
CHARGING A COMPLETELY DISCHARGED
BATTERY
The following procedure should be used to recharge
a completely discharged battery. Unless this proce-
dure is properly followed, a good battery may be
needlessly replaced.
(1) Measure the voltage at the battery posts with a
voltmeter, accurate to 1/10 (0.10) volt (Fig. 6). If the
reading is below ten volts, the battery charging cur-
rent will be low. It could take some time before the
battery accepts a current greater than a few milliam-
peres. Such low current may not be detectable on the
ammeters built into many battery chargers.
(2) Disconnect and isolate the battery negative
cable. Connect the battery charger leads. Some bat-
tery chargers are equipped with polarity-sensing cir-
cuitry. This circuitry protects the battery charger and
the battery from being damaged if they are improp-
erly connected. If the battery state-of-charge is too
low for the polarity-sensing circuitry to detect, the
battery charger will not operate. This makes it
appear that the battery will not accept charging cur-
rent. See the instructions provided by the manufac-
Fig. 6 Voltmeter - Typical
KJBATTERY SYSTEM 8F - 9
BATTERY (Continued)

turer of the battery charger for details on how to
bypass the polarity-sensing circuitry.
(3) Battery chargers vary in the amount of voltage
and current they provide. The amount of time
required for a battery to accept measurable charging
current at various voltages is shown in the Charge
Rate Table. If the charging current is still not mea-
surable at the end of the charging time, the battery
is faulty and must be replaced. If the charging cur-
rent is measurable during the charging time, the bat-
tery may be good and the charging should be
completed in the normal manner.
CHARGE RATE TABLE
Voltage Hours
16.0 volts maximum up to 4 hours
14.0 to 15.9 volts up to 8 hours
13.9 volts or less up to 16 hours
CHARGING TIME REQUIRED
The time required to charge a battery will vary,
depending upon the following factors:
²Battery Capacity- A completely discharged
heavy-duty battery requires twice the charging time
of a small capacity battery.
²Temperature- A longer time will be needed to
charge a battery at -18É C (0É F) than at 27É C (80É
F). When a fast battery charger is connected to a cold
battery, the current accepted by the battery will be
very low at first. As the battery warms, it will accept
a higher charging current rate (amperage).
²Charger Capacity- A battery charger that
supplies only five amperes will require a longer
charging time. A battery charger that supplies
twenty amperes or more will require a shorter charg-
ing time.
²State-Of-Charge- A completely discharged bat-
tery requires more charging time than a partially
discharged battery. Electrolyte is nearly pure water
in a completely discharged battery. At first, the
charging current (amperage) will be low. As the bat-
tery charges, the specific gravity of the electrolyte
will gradually rise.
The Battery Charging Time Table gives an indica-
tion of the time required to charge a typical battery
at room temperature based upon the battery state-of-
charge and the charger capacity.
BATTERY CHARGING TIME TABLE
Charging
Amperage5 Amps10
Amps20 Amps
Open Circuit
VoltageHours Charging @ 21É C (70É
F)
12.25 to 12.49 6 hours 3 hours 1.5
hours
12.00 to 12.24 10 hours 5 hours 2.5
hours
10.00 to 11.99 14 hours 7 hours 3.5
hours
Below 10.00 18 hours 9 hours 4.5
hours
STANDARD PROCEDURE - BUILT-IN
INDICATOR TEST
An indicator (hydrometer) built into the top of the
battery case provides visual information for battery
testing (Fig. 7). Like a hydrometer, the built-in indi-
cator measures the specific gravity of the battery
electrolyte. The specific gravity of the electrolyte
reveals the battery state-of-charge; however, it will
not reveal the cranking capacity of the battery. A load
test must be performed to determine the battery
cranking capacity. Refer to Standard Procedures for
the proper battery load test procedures.
Before testing, visually inspect the battery for any
damage (a cracked case or cover, loose posts, etc.)
that would cause the battery to be faulty. In order to
obtain correct indications from the built-in indicator,
it is important that the battery be level and have a
clean sight glass. Additional light may be required to
view the indicator.Do not use open flame as a
source of additional light.
Fig. 7 Built-In Indicator
1 - SIGHT GLASS
2 - BATTERY TOP
3 - GREEN BALL
4 - PLASTIC ROD
8F - 10 BATTERY SYSTEMKJ
BATTERY (Continued)

Test the specific gravity of the electrolyte in each
battery cell. If the specific gravity of all cells is above
1.235, but the variation between cells is more than
fifty points (0.050), the battery should be replaced. If
the specific gravity of one or more cells is less than
1.235, charge the battery at a rate of approximately
five amperes. Continue charging the battery until
three consecutive specific gravity tests, taken at one-
hour intervals, are constant. If the cell specific grav-
ity variation is more than fifty points (0.050) at the
end of the charge period, replace the battery.
When the specific gravity of all cells is above 1.235,
and the cell variation is less than fifty points (0.050),
the battery may be load tested to determine its
cranking capacity. Refer to Standard Procedures for
the proper battery load test procedures.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - OPEN-CIRCUIT
VOLTAGE TEST
A battery open-circuit voltage (no load) test will
show the approximate state-of-charge of a battery.
This test can be used in place of the hydrometer test
when a hydrometer is not available, or for mainte-
nance-free batteries with non-removable cell caps.
Before proceeding with this test, completely charge
the battery (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY
SYSTEM/BATTERY - STANDARD PROCEDURE).(1) Before measuring the open-circuit voltage, the
surface charge must be removed from the battery.
Turn on the headlamps for fifteen seconds, then
allow up to five minutes for the battery voltage to
stabilize.
(2) Disconnect and isolate both battery cables, neg-
ative cable first.
(3) Using a voltmeter connected to the battery
posts (see the instructions provided by the manufac-
turer of the voltmeter), measure the open-circuit volt-
age (Fig. 10).
See the Open-Circuit Voltage Table. This voltage
reading will indicate the battery state-of-charge, but
will not reveal its cranking capacity. If a battery has
an open-circuit voltage reading of 12.4 volts or
greater, it may be load tested to reveal its cranking
capacity (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY SYS-
TEM/BATTERY - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE TABLE
Open Circuit Voltage Charge Percentage
11.7 volts or less 0%
12.0 volts 25%
12.2 volts 50%
12.4 volts 75%
12.6 volts or more 100%
STANDARD PROCEDURE - LOAD TEST
A battery load test will verify the battery cranking
capacity. The test is based on the Cold Cranking
Amperage (CCA) rating of the battery. To determine
the battery CCA rating, see the label affixed to the
battery case or refer to Battery Specifications for the
proper factory-installed specifications.
Before proceeding with this test, completely charge
the battery (Refer to 8 - ELECTRICAL/BATTERY
SYSTEM/BATTERY - STANDARD PROCEDURE).
Fig. 9 Hydrometer - Typical
1 - BULB
2 - SURFACE COHESION
3 - SPECIFIC GRAVITY READING
4 - TEMPERATURE READING
5 - HYDROMETER BARREL
6 - FLOAT
Fig. 10 Testing Open-Circuit Voltage - Typical
8F - 12 BATTERY SYSTEMKJ
BATTERY (Continued)

Initial inflation of the tire forces the bead over
these raised sections. In case of rapid loss of air pres-
sure, the raised sections help hold the tire on the
wheel.
The wheel studs and nuts are designed for specific
applications. All aluminum and some steel wheels
have wheel stud nuts with an enlarged nose. This
enlarged nose is necessary to ensure proper retention
of the wheels. Do not use replacement studs or nuts
with a different design or lesser quality.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - WHEELS
Inspect wheels for:
²Excessive run out
²Dents or cracks
²Damaged wheel lug nut holes
²Air Leaks from any area or surface of the rim
NOTE: Do not attempt to repair a wheel by hammer-
ing, heating or welding.
If a wheel is damaged an original equipment
replacement wheel should be used. When obtaining
replacement wheels, they should be equivalent in
load carrying capacity. The diameter, width, offset,
pilot hole and bolt circle of the wheel should be the
same as the original wheel.
WARNING: FAILURE TO USE EQUIVALENT
REPLACEMENT WHEELS MAY ADVERSELY
AFFECT THE SAFETY AND HANDLING OF THE
VEHICLE. USED WHEELS ARE NOT RECOM-
MENDED. THE SERVICE HISTORY OF THE WHEEL
MAY HAVE INCLUDED SEVERE TREATMENT OR
VERY HIGH MILEAGE. THE RIM COULD FAIL WITH-
OUT WARNING.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - WHEEL
REPLACEMENT
Wheels must be replaced if they have:
²Excessive runout
²Bent or dented
²Leak air through welds
²Have damaged bolt holes
Wheel repairs employing hammering, heating, or
welding are not allowed.
Original equipment wheels are available through
your dealer. Replacement wheels from any other
source should be equivalent in:
²Load carrying capacity
²Diameter
²Width
²Offset²Mounting configuration
Failure to use equivalent replacement wheels may
affect the safety and handling of your vehicle.
Replacement withusedwheels is not recommended.
Their service history may have included severe treat-
ment.
STANDARD PROCEDURE - WHEEL MOUNTING
The wheel studs and nuts are designed for specific
applications. They must be replaced with equivalent
parts. Do not use replacement parts of lesser quality
or a substitute design. All aluminum and some steel
wheels have wheel stud nuts which feature an
enlarged nose. This enlarged nose is necessary to
ensure proper retention of the aluminum wheels.
NOTE: Do not use chrome plated lug nuts with
chrome plated wheels.
Before installing the wheel, be sure to remove any
build up of corrosion on the wheel mounting surfaces.
Ensure wheels are installed with good metal-to-metal
contact. Improper installation could cause loosening
of wheel nuts. This could affect the safety and han-
dling of your vehicle.
To install the wheel, first position it properly on
the mounting surface. All wheel nuts should then be
tightened just snug. Gradually tighten them in
sequence to the proper torque specification (Fig. 18).
Never use oil or grease on studs or nuts.
Fig. 18 Lug Nut Tightening Pattern
22 - 10 TIRES/WHEELSKJ
WHEELS (Continued)

FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR -
DESCRIPTION.......................14-13
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR -
INSTALLATION.......................14-14
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR -
OPERATION.........................14-14
FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR -
REMOVAL..........................14-14
FUEL PUMP - DESCRIPTION............14-15
FUEL PUMP - OPERATION.............14-15
FUEL PUMP AMPERAGE TEST -
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.............14-16
FUEL PUMP CAPACITY TEST -
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.............14-15
FUEL PUMP MODULE - DESCRIPTION....14-18
FUEL PUMP MODULE - INSTALLATION . . . 14-19
FUEL PUMP MODULE - OPERATION......14-18
FUEL PUMP MODULE - REMOVAL.......14-18
FUEL PUMP PRESSURE TEST -
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING.............14-15
FUEL PUMP RELAY - DESCRIPTION......14-34
FUEL PUMP RELAY - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING...........................14-34
FUEL PUMP RELAY - INSTALLATION.....14-34
FUEL PUMP RELAY - OPERATION........14-34
FUEL PUMP RELAY - REMOVAL.........14-34
FUEL PUMP RELAYS - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING, ASD........................8I-4
FUEL RAIL - DESCRIPTION.............14-21
FUEL RAIL - INSTALLATION..............14-24
FUEL RAIL - OPERATION...............14-21
FUEL RAIL - REMOVAL................14-22
FUEL SYSTEM PRESSURE RELEASE -
STANDARD PROCEDURE................14-4
FUEL SYSTEM PRESSURE,
SPECIFICATIONS......................14-5
FUEL SYSTEM, SPECIAL TOOLS..........14-6
FUEL TANK - DESCRIPTION............14-24
FUEL TANK - INSTALLATION............14-27
FUEL TANK - OPERATION..............14-24
FUEL TANK - REMOVAL...............14-25
FUEL TANK CHECK VALVE -
DESCRIPTION.......................14-28
FUEL TANK CHECK VALVE -
INSTALLATION.......................14-28
FUEL TANK CHECK VALVE - OPERATION . . 14-28
FUEL TANK CHECK VALVE - REMOVAL....14-28
FUEL TANK SKID PLATE - INSTALLATION . . . 13-9
FUEL TANK SKID PLATE - REMOVAL......13-9
FULL TIME INDICATOR - DESCRIPTION . . . 8J-29
FULL TIME INDICATOR - OPERATION.....8J-30
FUNCTION - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING,
REAR HVAC CONTROL ASSEMBLY
WINDOW DEFOGGER..................8G-9
FUNCTIONS - DESCRIPTION, CIRCUIT . . 8W-01-6
FUSE - DESCRIPTION, IOD...........8W-97-3
FUSE - INSTALLATION, IOD..........8W-97-3
FUSE - OPERATION, IOD.............8W-97-3
FUSE - REMOVAL, IOD..............8W-97-3
FUSES POWERING SEVERAL LOADS -
STANDARD PROCEDURE, TESTING
FOR A SHORT TO GROUND ON.......8W-01-9
GALLERY PLUGS - STANDARD
PROCEDURE, ENGINE CORE AND OIL.....9-10
GAP AND FLUSH - SPECIFICATIONS.....23-116
GAS ENGINES - GENERATOR RATINGS....8F-23
GAS POWERED - STARTER MOTOR......8F-39
GAS POWERED - TORQUE
.............8F-38
GASKET - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING,
CYLINDER HEAD
..................9-19,9-30
GASKET SURFACE PREPARATION -
STANDARD PROCEDURE, ENGINE
.........9-9
GATE - INSTALLATION, SWING
.........23-138
GATE - REMOVAL, SWING
............23-138
GATE AJAR INDICATOR - DESCRIPTION
. . . 8J-20
GATE AJAR INDICATOR - OPERATION
.....8J-20
GATE BELTLINE WEATHERSTRIP -
INSTALLATION, SWING
...............23-186
GATE BELTLINE WEATHERSTRIP -
REMOVAL, SWING
...................23-186
GATE OPENING WEATHERSTRIP -
INSTALLATION, SWING
...............23-186
GATE OPENING WEATHERSTRIP -
REMOVAL, SWING
...................23-186
GAUGE - DESCRIPTION, ENGINE
TEMPERATURE
......................8J-18
GAUGE - DESCRIPTION, FUEL
...........8J-19GAUGE - OPERATION, ENGINE
TEMPERATURE......................8J-18
GAUGE - OPERATION, FUEL............8J-20
GEAR - DESCRIPTION.................19-13
GEAR - INSTALLATION, PINION
GEAR/RING..........................3-46
GEAR - OPERATION...................19-13
GEAR - REMOVAL, PINION GEAR/RING....3-44
GEAR/RING GEAR - INSTALLATION,
PINION.............................3-46
GEAR/RING GEAR - REMOVAL, PINION....3-44
GEAR/RING GEAR/TONE RING -
INSTALLATION, PINION............3-112,3-82
GEAR/RING GEAR/TONE RING -
REMOVAL, PINION...............3-110,3-79
GEARSHIFT CABLE - ADJUSTMENTS....21-130
GEARSHIFT CABLE - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING..........................21-128
GEARSHIFT CABLE - INSTALLATION.....21-129
GEARSHIFT CABLE - REMOVAL........21-128
GEAR/TONE RING - INSTALLATION,
PINION GEAR/RING...............3-112,3-82
GEAR/TONE RING - REMOVAL, PINION
GEAR/RING.....................3-110,3-79
GEARTRAIN - ASSEMBLY, PLANETARY . . . 21-160
GEARTRAIN - CLEANING, PLANETARY . . . 21-159
GEARTRAIN - DESCRIPTION,
PLANETARY........................21-157
GEARTRAIN - DISASSEMBLY,
PLANETARY........................21-159
GEARTRAIN - INSPECTION, PLANETARY . 21-159
GEARTRAIN - OPERATION, PLANETARY . . 21-157
GENERAL - WARNINGS.............8W-01-7
GENERATOR - DESCRIPTION...........8F-25
GENERATOR - INSTALLATION...........8F-26
GENERATOR - OPERATION.............8F-25
GENERATOR - REMOVAL...............8F-25
GENERATOR DECOUPLER - DIAGNOSIS
AND TESTING.......................8F-27
GENERATOR DECOUPLER PULLEY -
DESCRIPTION.......................8F-26
GENERATOR DECOUPLER PULLEY -
INSTALLATION.......................8F-30
GENERATOR DECOUPLER PULLEY -
OPERATION.........................8F-27
GENERATOR DECOUPLER PULLEY -
REMOVAL..........................8F-27
GENERATOR RATINGS, GAS ENGINES....8F-23
GLASS - INSTALLATION, DOOR . . 23-122,23-129,
23-172
GLASS - INSTALLATION, FLIP-UP.......23-136
GLASS - REMOVAL, DOOR......23-122,23-129,
23-172
GLASS - REMOVAL, FLIP-UP..........23-136
GLASS AJAR INDICATOR - DESCRIPTION . . 8J-21
GLASS AJAR INDICATOR - OPERATION . . . 8J-21
GLASS AJAR SWITCH - DESCRIPTION,
FLIP-UP............................8L-77
GLASS AJAR SWITCH - OPERATION,
FLIP-UP............................8L-77
GLASS HEATING GRID REPAIR -
STANDARD PROCEDURE, REAR..........8G-4
GLASS LATCH - INSTALLATION, FLIP-UP . 23-136
GLASS LATCH - REMOVAL, FLIP-UP.....23-136
GLASS PANEL - INSTALLATION........23-178
GLASS PANEL - REMOVAL............23-178
GLASS PANEL ADJUSTMENT,
ADJUSTMENTS - SUNROOF...........23-178
GLASS PANEL SEAL - INSTALLATION
....23-178
GLASS PANEL SEAL - REMOVAL
.......23-178
GLASS RELEASE SWITCH - DIAGNOSIS
AND TESTING, FLIP-UP
................8N-5
GLASS RUN CHANNEL - INSTALLATION
. 23-123,
23-130
GLASS RUN CHANNEL - REMOVAL
.....23-123,
23-130
GLASS SUPPORT CYLINDER -
INSTALLATION, FLIP-UP
..............23-139
GLASS SUPPORT CYLINDER -
REMOVAL, FLIP-UP
..................23-139
GLOVE BOX - INSTALLATION
..........23-148
GLOVE BOX - REMOVAL
..............23-148
GLOVE BOX LATCH - INSTALLATION
....23-148
GLOVE BOX LATCH - REMOVAL
........23-148
GLOVE BOX LATCH STRIKER -
INSTALLATION
......................23-149
GLOVE BOX LATCH STRIKER - REMOVAL
. 23-148GRAB HANDLE - INSTALLATION,
A-PILLAR TRIM.....................23-156
GRAB HANDLE - REMOVAL, A-PILLAR
TRIM.............................23-156
GRID - DESCRIPTION, REAR WINDOW
DEFOGGER..........................8G-5
GRID - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING, REAR
WINDOW DEFOGGER..................8G-5
GRID - OPERATION, REAR WINDOW
DEFOGGER..........................8G-5
GRID REPAIR - STANDARD PROCEDURE,
REAR GLASS HEATING.................8G-4
GRILLE - INSTALLATION..............23-142
GRILLE - INSTALLATION, COWL........23-140
GRILLE - REMOVAL..................23-142
GRILLE - REMOVAL, COWL...........23-140
GRILLE OPENING REINFORCEMENT -
INSTALLATION......................23-142
GRILLE OPENING REINFORCEMENT -
REMOVAL.........................23-142
GROUND - STANDARD PROCEDURE,
TESTING FOR A SHORT TO..........8W-01-9
GROUND AND SPLICE INFORMATION -
DESCRIPTION, CONNECTOR..........8W-01-7
GROUND ON FUSES POWERING
SEVERAL LOADS - STANDARD
PROCEDURE, TESTING FOR A SHORT
TO..............................8W-01-9
GROUND STRAP - DESCRIPTION, RADIO
NOISE SUPPRESSION..................8A-9
GROUND STRAP - INSTALLATION,
RADIO NOISE SUPPRESSION...........8A-11
GROUND STRAP - OPERATION, RADIO
NOISE SUPPRESSION.................8A-10
GROUND STRAP - REMOVAL, RADIO
NOISE SUPPRESSION.................8A-10
GROUNDS - DESCRIPTION, POWER......8E-13
GUARD - DESCRIPTION, THERMAL......8F-20
GUARD - INSTALLATION, THERMAL......8F-20
GUARD - OPERATION, THERMAL........8F-20
GUARD - REMOVAL, THERMAL..........8F-20
GUIDE ASSEMBLY - INSTALLATION.....23-179
GUIDE ASSEMBLY - REMOVAL.........23-179
GUIDE SEALS - DESCRIPTION, VALVE . 9-29,9-38
GUIDES - DESCRIPTION, VALVE......9-19,9-30
HALF SHAFT - CAUTION................3-10
HALF SHAFT - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING . . 3-10
HALF SHAFT - INSTALLATION............3-11
HALF SHAFT - REMOVAL...............3-10
HALF SHAFT, SPECIFICATIONS...........3-11
HANDLE - INSTALLATION, A-PILLAR
TRIM AND GRAB....................23-156
HANDLE - INSTALLATION, ASSIST......23-157
HANDLE - INSTALLATION, EXTERIOR . . . 23-123,
23-130,23-136
HANDLE - INSTALLATION, LATCH
RELEASE..........................23-120
HANDLE - REMOVAL, A-PILLAR TRIM
AND GRAB.........................23-156
HANDLE - REMOVAL, ASSIST..........23-157
HANDLE - REMOVAL, EXTERIOR . 23-123,23-130,
23-136
HANDLE - REMOVAL, LATCH RELEASE . . 23-120
HANDLING NON-DEPLOYED
SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINTS -
STANDARD PROCEDURE...............8O-6
HARNESS - DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING,
WIRING
..........................8W-01-7
HAZARD SWITCH - DESCRIPTION
.......8L-29
HAZARD SWITCH - INSTALLATION
.......8L-30
HAZARD SWITCH - OPERATION
.........8L-29
HAZARD SWITCH - REMOVAL
..........8L-30
HCU (HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNIT) -
DESCRIPTION
........................5-35
HCU (HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNIT) -
INSTALLATION
........................5-36
HCU (HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNIT) -
OPERATION
..........................5-35
HCU (HYDRAULIC CONTROL UNIT) -
REMOVAL
...........................5-36
HEAD - DESCRIPTION, CYLINDER
........9-30
HEAD COVER(S) - DESCRIPTION,
CYLINDER
...........................9-25
HEAD COVER(S) - INSTALLATION,
CYLINDER
.......................9-26,9-34
HEAD COVER(S) - REMOVAL, CYLINDER
. . 9-25,
9-34
KJINDEX 11
Description Group-Page Description Group-Page Description Group-Page